|
Organ System Functions
|
Organs
|
|
Integumentary forms the external body covering,
protects deeper tissues,
synthesizes
Vit D; site of pain, pressure receptors
And sweat and
oil glands
|
Hair, Skin, Nails
|
|
Skeletal Protects and supports body
organs;
Framework for
muscles to cause
movement,
blood cells formed in
bone; stores
minerals
|
Bones, Joints
|
|
Muscular Causes movement, facial
expression
Maintains
posture, produces heat
|
Muscles
|
|
Nervous control system; reacts to
internal
and external
stimuli; activates
muscles and
glands
|
Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves
|
|
Endocrine glands secrete hormones that
regulate
processes such as growth,
reproduction and nutrient use
(metabolism) by body cells
|
Pineal gland, Pituitary
gland, Thyroid gland, Thymus, Adrenal gland, Pancreas, Ovary, Testis
|
|
Cardiovascular blood vessels transport blood,
oxygen,
carbon dioxide, nutrients,
wastes,
etc; the heart pumps blood
|
Heart, Blood Vessels
|
|
Lymphatic/Immunity Picks up
fluid leaked form blood
vessels
and returns it to blood;
disposes of debris in lymphatic
stream,
houses white blood cells
(lymphocytes). The
immune
system
mounts attack against
foreign substances in body
|
Red Bone Marrow, Thymus,
Lymphatic vessels, Thoracic duct, Spleen, Lymph Nodes
|
|
Respiratory Keeps blood supplies with
oxygen,
Removes
carbon dioxide, the gas
exchange occur through
air sacs of
lungs
|
Nasal Cavity, Pharynx,
Larynx, Trachea, Lung, Bronchus
|
|
Digestive Breaks down food into absorbable
units
that enter the blood
for distribution to
body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are
removed
as feces.
|
Oral Cavity, Esophagus,
Liver, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus
|
|
Urinary Removes nitrogenous
wastes from
body,
regulates water, electrolyte
and acid-base
balance
|
Kidney, Ureter,
Urinary bladder, Urethra
|
|
Reproductive Overall function is to produce
offspring. Testes produce sperm and
male hormone; ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm
to female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female hormones;
remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of
fetus.
|
Males: Penis, Testis,
Scrotum, Prostrate Gland, Ductus deferens
Females: Mammary Glands,
Ovary, Uterine tube,
Uterus, Vagina
|
|
Directional Terms
|
Definition
|
Example
|
|
Superior (cranial)
|
Toward the head-above
|
Head is superior to abdomen
|
|
Inferior (caudal)
|
Away from head-below
|
Navel is inferior to chin
|
|
Anterior (Ventral)
|
Toward the front, in front
of
|
Breastbone is anterior to
spine
|
|
Posterior (Dorsal)
|
Toward back, behind
|
Heart is posterior to
breastbone
|
|
Medial
|
Toward midline, on inner
side
|
The heart is medial to arm
|
|
Lateral
|
Away from midline-on
outside
|
Arms are lateral to chest
|
|
Intermediate
|
Between medial and lateral
|
Collarbone is intermediate
between breastbone and shoulder
|
|
Proximal
|
Closer to the point of
attachment of limb
|
The elbow is proximal to
the wrist
|
|
Distal
|
Farther from the point of
attachment of the limb
|
The wrist is distal to the
elbow
|
|
Superficial (external)
|
Toward or at the surface of
the body
|
The skin is superficial to
the muscles
|
|
Deep (Internal)
|
Away from the body surface,
more internal
|
The lung are deep to the
skin
|
